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.g."There are no clouds in the sky, so it ought to be a niceday for a walk in the country.".WHAT ELSE CAN "OUGHT TO" EXPRESS BESIDES A DUTY? "Ought to"can express a probability besides a dutyGIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE ! He has studied very hard, so he oughtnot to fail his examWHO DO YOU THINK OUGHT TO WIN THE NEXT ELECTIONS (OR THEWORLD CUP, OR THE GAME BETWEEN.ETC.) ?/ I think.ought to win the.LIPSTICK szminkaDO YOU THINK WOMEN LOOK BETTER WITH OR WITHOUTLIPSTICK ? I think women look.POLISH polerowaćDO YOU JUST CLEAN YOUR SHOES, OR DO YOU POLISH THEM AS WELL?Yes, I just clean my shoes.or.No, I don't just.but I polish them as wellDESK biurkoWHAT DO WE USE A DESK FOR ? We use a desk for writing onEXPENSE wydatek750 WHAT'S THE BIGGEST EXPENSE IN YOUR DAILY LIFE ?/ The biggest.is.POSTPONE odłożyć, przesunąć (w czasie) ORIGINALLY początkowoWHAT DOES IT MEAN TO POSTPONE A GAME OF FOOTBALL?To postpone a game of football means not to play it at the time or onthe day originally decided upon but at a later time or dateIDIOM 21I DON'T KNOW IF I'M COMING OR GOING = I am confused (by sotracić głowę much that is happening)e.g.I've got so many problems and so much work to do that I just don't know if I'mcoming or going. WHAT DOES THE IDIOM "I DON'T KNOW IF I'M COMING OR GOING"MEAN ? The idiom."I am confused."GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE ! Don't ask her to help.She doesn'tknow if she's coming or goingLESSON 119AFTERWARDS potem FIRST OF ALL najpierw751 The word "afterwards" expresses the idea of "after that".For example, "Let useat first and then go to the cinema afterwards."WHAT DOES THE WORD "AFTERWARDS" EXPRESS ? The word "afterwards"expresses the idea of "after that"GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE ! First of all he sat down, then immediatelyafterwards began to laughATTEND uczęszczać, obsłużyć, uważać SHOPKEEPER sklepikarzUNTIL WHAT AGE MUST A CHILD ATTEND SCHOOL?/ A child mustattend school until the age of.SUPPOSING, WHILST YOU WERE WAITING TO BE ATTENDED TO IN ASHOP, THE SHOPKEEPER ATTENDED TO TWO OTHER CUSTOMERSBEFORE SERVING YOU, WHAT WOULD YOU DO ? Supposing, whilst I waswaiting to.I'd.DO YOU ATTEND TO EVERYTHING THE TEACHER SAYS DURING THELESSON ? / Yes, I attend to everything the.or.No, I don't attend to.MOVE (v) TEAR SPORTINGporuszać, wzruszać łza sportowyWHAT WOULD YOU SAY WAS THE MOST MOVING EVENT YOU'VEEVER SEEN ? I'd say the most.was.752 WHAT KIND OF THINGS MOVE PEOPLE TO TEARS? The kind of things thatmove.are music, sporting events, death.WOULD = POLITE REQUEST.PASS (HAND, GIVE) podać The word "would" is often used in making a request, as it is considered rathermore polite than "will" or a direct imperative.For example, "Would you open thewindow, please ? Would you mind passing me that book, please ?" /WHY DO WE OFTEN USE THE WORD "WOULD" IN MAKING A REQUESTINSTEAD OF "WILL" ? We often use.because it's more polite than "will"SPOIL - SPOILT - SPOILT TALK DISCIPLINEzepsuć rozmawiać dyscyplinaWHAT'D YOU DO IF YOU WANTED TO SPOIL SOMEONE'S PLEASURE INEATING HIS (OR THEIR) LUNCH ?/ If I wanted to.I'd give him some badnews.talk about something unpleasant.When we say that a child is spoilt, we mean that he has always been allowed to doexactly as he pleases without discipline, and he has been given everything he wants.753 WHAT DO WE MEAN BY A "SPOILT CHILD" ? By a "spoilt child", we meanone who has always been allowed to do exactly as he pleases.HUNGER SHARE SITUATIONgłód podzielić się, akcja, udział sytuacjaIF YOU WERE DYING OF HUNGER, WOULD YOU SHARE YOUR LASTPIECE OF FOOD WITH ANOTHER DYING PERSON ?/ Yes, if I were.or.No, if I were.I wouldn't.WHAT DO PEOPLE NORMALLY DO IN SUCH SITUATIONS ? People normally.in such situationsHAVE YOU ANY SHARES IN ANY BUSINESS COMPANIES ? Yes, I've some.or.No, I haven't.NEED - AS A DEFECTIVE VERBPOINT SCARCELY SUCCESSFUL LOOKpunkt, rzecz rzadko, ledwie udany, mający powodzenie wyglądaćThe verb "need", when used as a normal verb, means "to want".For example, "Ineed a new hat" is similar in meaning to "I want a new hat"./ 754 When used as a Defective or Special Verb, it means, "to be necessary".For example,"Need I come here tomorrow ?" means "Is it necessary for me to come heretomorrow ?"WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE IN MEANING BETWEEN THE VERB "NEED"WHEN USED AS A NORMAL VERB AND WHEN USED AS A DEFECTIVEOR SPECIAL VERB ?/ The difference.is that, when used as a normal verb, itmeans "to want", whilst when used as a Defective orSpecial Verb, it means "to be necessary"GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE OF EACH, PLEASE! Normal: "This room needs cleaning."Defective: "Need this room be cleaned ?"Another point to remember is that, when "need" is used as a defective verb, it is onlyused in interrogative and negative sentences: e.g."Need I do my homework now?" "Noyou needn't, you can do it tomorrow." The positive answer would be "Yes, you must."IN WHAT KIND OF SENTENCES DO WE USE THE DEFECTIVE VERB"NEED" - POSITIVE, INTERROGATIVE OR NEGATIVE?/ We use the defective.in interrogative and negative sentencesGIVE ME AN EXAMPLE OF EACH, PLEASE! "Need he go at once ?""No, he needn't", or "Yes, he must"Occasionally, the defective verb "need" can be found in positive sentences, but in suchcases it is used together with words like "hardly" or "scarcely", which give it a partlynegative meaning: e.g."They scarcely need to be told that if they don't study they won'tlearn."/755 WHEN "NEED" IS USED AS A DEFECTIVE VERB IN POSITIVE SENTENCES,WHICH WORDS DO WE USE WITH IT ? When "need" is.we use the words"hardly" or "scarcely" with itGIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE ! I hardly need ask if you were successful:you look so pleasedNotice the difference in meaning between these two sentences:1) Normal - "He had enough money with him, so I did not need to give him any" -means I did not give him any money./ 2) Defective - "He had enough money with him, so I needn't have given him any" -means I did give him some money, but it was not necessary
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